References about the excess demands of the internet and global warming

• Officials at Puget Sound Energy. . . said that since JanuaryInternet infrastructurecompanies have requested 700megawatts of new power—all ofit for data centers. The new loadwill increase the averagedemand by 25 percent.

  Interactive WeekOctober 23, 2000

• www.esource.com/public/pdf/hi_del.pdf
  Highly dense power requirements. HiDELs typically feature power loads ranging from 100to 200 watts per square foot, but we’re aware of several facilities under construction that willhave a connected capacity of 300 watts per square foot. That’s nearly 60 times the averagepeak demand for the commercial building sector in the United States. Just half a dozenHiDELs in one small area near a shopping mall requested 445 megawatts of power—aboutas much as would typically be needed to power six oil refineries. And one utility in thePacific Northwest reported that when three new data centers open in its service territory,their combined load will constitute an 11 percent increase over all the power the utilityprovided during the previous year
• http://www.pcstats.com/releaseview.cfm?releaseID=527
  "With the growing complexity and sophistication of rich and dynamic web content, the demands placed on the Internet's infrastructure have increased exponentially, while the application and web servers processing Internet content remain rooted in legacy PC architectures," said Spero Koulouras, President and CEO of FiberCycle. "Today's general purpose servers have become a bottleneck in delivering new, compelling, bandwidth-intensive applications over the Internet. FiberCycle is pioneering a new breed of system which accelerates content delivery, re-architecting the web server from the AC cord to the Operating System."
  With power crises affecting much of the United States and with estimates of the power draw of computer equipment running as high as 13% of the total U.S. power consumption, the time is right for a new breed of more efficient web servers.
• http://www.cisco.com/en/US/strategy/features/index.html (Somewhere - we picked up the cached version - the article is terrifying as it refers to the energy demand of the year 2000 before spammers started hammering servers. Then, the energy use was 3% of the total, exceeding that used by aircraft traffic.
  The Internet & Energy Use
  Studies show just how much energy is used to keep Internet business online.
  By Ewan Morrison
  
  Article Summary: Internet-related energy consumption has become a hotly debated topic in California. And it’s gaining interest worldwide as the Internet becomes a significant player in economies everywhere. But is the Internet even partially to blame for energy woes, as some have suggested?
  
  With the meteoric rise of California’s Internet economy in recent years, it’s no wonder that Internet-related energy consumption has become a hotly debated topic in the Golden State. And it’s gaining interest worldwide as the Internet becomes a significant player in economies everywhere. But is the Internet even partially to blame for energy woes, as some have suggested?
  In June 2000, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) completed a study of office-equipment energy usage. Among other things, LBNL, operated by the University of California on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, measures power consumption of specific devices and studies big-picture energy usage. The Lab concluded that all office, telecommunications, and networking equipment combined—including the electricity used to manufacture it—consumes about 3% of the nation’s energy supply. LBNL Staff Scientist Jonathan Koomey has publicly stated his belief that the Internet is not a factor in California’s current crisis.
  Despite being home to Silicon Valley, the center of the Internet economy, growth in energy demand for the four counties that make up the San Francisco Bay Area is roughly in line with statewide demand growth, according to California Energy Commission (CEC) statistics. There are exceptions to the rule, however. Much attention has been focused on “server farms,” huge facilities housing the servers that host Web sites. These data centers require sometimes more than four times as much power as a typical office of similar size—most of it to keep the facilities from overheating.
  Despite their disproportionate usage, a recent study by Northern California power provider Pacific Gas & Electric found that although data centers projected they would use up to 150 watts per square foot, they average only around 40 watts. Koomey currently estimates that data centers contributed no more than 0.2% to overall national electricity demand by the end of 2000. Also, data-center operators like Exodus Communications (now Cable & Wireless), which hosts Yahoo, eBay, and hundreds of other sites, are looking into alternative energy sources.
  History suggests that the Internet revolution might not be responsible for the crisis. According to an LBNL presentation on the causes of California’s energy crisis, statewide energy demand has risen an average of 2.5% annually over the past five years. However, California’s energy demand growth averaged 3.2% annually during the 1980s, in the pre-Internet economy.
  According to Koomey, California’s crisis is caused by a combination of factors, including how deregulation was implemented, higher fuel costs, warmer weather, increased demand in neighboring states that traditionally export power to California, a bad hydroelectric-power-producing year in the Northwest, population growth, and a booming economy. CEC figures indicate demand has risen 11% since 1995, yet supply has increased by only 1%. In fact, California’s energy use per capita is the fourth lowest of the 50 U.S. states.
  Although the Internet is likely not the cause of the crisis, this realization helps little in the effort to keep the lights on in California.
  

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